#Κορυτσά, #Β_Ήπειρος #Ιστορία #Histori
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Traveling Notes On Corytsa by T. Vellianites Essayist, Historian, and Deputy to the Greek Parliament Translated by NICHOLAS CULOLIAS, LL.B1 Published by the Pan-Epirotic Union of America 7 Water St., Boston, Mass.
Printed by the PURITAN LINOTYPE
Cambridge, Mass. 1919 IV. In Corytsa there is a large section called the "School District." That is the Latin neighborhood of the city. In that neighborhood are the Greek educational institutions. At the apex of the group is the Gymnasium maintained since 1840. It has a library of 200 volumes and some small collections of insects, minerals and native petrifications. It has, also, a physical laboratory and has always operated in accordance with the curricula of the Lyceums of the Greek state. But this Gymnasium is not the first Lyceum erected in Corytsa. It was transformed into a gymnasium from the middle of the last century in accordance with the educational laws of Greece; it existed, however, since 1724, that' is from the time the cathedral church was erected and Corytsa began to assume the appearance of a city. This Institution discloses something very curious indeed. Those who wanted to stir the waters in Vienna and represent at one time Corytsa as a city where the so-called intellectual life 'of the Albanians centered, always bring forth Euthymios Mitkos as the leader of the Albanian literature. He did, indeed, collect and' edit some stories and some Albanian songs, using the Greek alphabet because there never existed any Albanian. But he did this, in order that the more vulgar of the Albanians who were ignorant of the Greek, might read these products of the Albanian folk literature. He never believed,' however, that an Albanian could receive any education other than Greek. He had received a Greek education himself and considered himself a Greek, 'Mitkos composed Greek poems, which though they lack literary value and inspiration, they prove, nevertheless, the Greek sentiments of the man. On the left wing of the Greek Gymnasium, there is on the wall an epigram in verse very characteristic of this poet which belies those who impudently speak of Albanian literature, and bears the signature of Mitkos. It reads thus : "Truly a large number of students has come out from this school, who have devoted themselves to the sciences or the practical arts and who reflect honor on the Greek intelligence and diligence." To the right of the Greek Gymnasium there rises another building, the Mutual Teaching School, established by the benefactors of the city, Demetrios and Anastasios Liatske. 'Intended for a Mutual Teaching School when that method was in vogue, it operated as such until 1887. Since then, like the rest of the schools, it followed the educational system of the Greek state. This school has operated since 1867 with as many as 440 students. Owing to the fact, however, that it could not take in the constantly increasing number of students, there was another municipal school erected in 1888 with 220 students. Sixty-five years ago, there was also established in Corytsa the first Greek school for girls. This building was burned down in 1822, but in the same year it was rebuilt even more beautiful at the expense of another benefactor of the city, George Dokos. This brilliant educational institution provides complete education to the girls of Corytsa. It is in this school that the elegant misses of Corytsa are brought up in Greek refinement and culture. It is from this institution they receive their Greek sentiments which are so true and deep that when it was decided Corytsa was to be included in that lifeless state of Prince Wied, they were the first to raise the banner of revolt during which streams of blood flowed, in the streets of Cortysa for the regaining of her independence. But besides the school for girls there are two Greek kindergartens. One of these was built by the Association of Corytsa, the other by a benefactor of the city, Vasilios Tiatsis, in 1873. Both of these are providing education to more than 450 girls. All these educational institutions are maintained from the income of the Lassos funds. This common educational fund was established in 1850 while Neophytos was archbishop of Corytsa. All the citizens contributed to this fund but mostly, the Corytsean merchants and business men established in Egypt, and later Gioannis Bangas, who, while' yet in life, devoted his great wealth to philanthropic purposes. This fund is safely deposited in the" National Bank of Greece. There are also two large buildings of Gioannis Bangas in the Place de la Concord of Athens whose income is used for the same educational purposes for which the Lassos fund is used. Two thousand three hundred students of both sexes go to those six Greek schools of the city; 76,000 francs 'are spent annually for the maintenance of these schools, which came as I said, from legacies of wealthy Corytsaeans, who, going to the great commercial centers of the world and there acquiring wealth, never forget their distant fatherland, but always during their life or at their death, they place their 'wealth at the disposal of the city where they first saw the light of day, for the education of her sons These schools and those of the villages round about Corytsa make their appearance as early as the seventeenth century and are reported in the codes deposited with the holy archbishopric. Two centuries before the establishment of the Greek state, Greek culture and the modern Greek civilization was thriving there. If the churches, educational and philanthropic institutions, the development of commerce and of the fine arts characterize the progress and national civilization of a place, this land has proved as few have done, even during the years of slavery 'as well as today, its Greek conscience and those virtues which are characteristic of the Greek race. In the towns round about Corytsa, like Emporia, and Moschopolis which was entirely destroyed last year by the robber bands of the Turko-Albanian Saly-Boutka, there are churches built as early as the twelfth century at Moschopolis alone there were in existence until 1916 twenty-four churches, all Greek; their architectural style and wealth showed the prosperity and greatness of that historic city which was so brutally destroyed under the very eyes of the Germans. Bythokoukon, a town not more than twenty kilometers from Corytsa, is bedecked by fourteen churches, works of the seventeenth century. In the vicinity of Corytsa there were in operation during the Turkish rule and are in operation now one hundred and twenty schools of both sexes with twelve thousand students.
Transcript from original book. ©Pelasgos Koritsas
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Shënime nga udhëtimi në Korçë T. Vellianitet Eseist, Historian, dhe Deputet në parlamentin grek Përkthyer nga NICHOLAS CULOLIAS, LL.B1 ^ Botuar nga Pan-Epirotiku Bashkimi i Amerikës 7 Water St., Boston, Mass. Shtypur nga LINOTIPI PURITAN Kembrixh, Mass. 1919
IV.
Në Korçë ka një seksion të madh të quajtur "Seksioni shkollor". Kjo është lagjja latine e qytetit. Në atë lagje janë institucionet arsimore greke. Në qëndër të kompleksit është Gjimnazi i mbajtur që nga viti 1840. Ka një bibliotekë prej 200 vëllimesh dhe disa koleksione të vogla të insekteve, mineraleve dhe petrifikimeve vendase. Ajo ka gjithashtu një laborator fizike dhe ka funksionuar gjithmonë në përputhje me kurrikulat e Liceut të shtetit grek. Por ky gjimnaz nuk është Liceu i parë i ngritur në Koricë. Është shndërruar në gjimnaz nga mesi i shekullit të kaluar në përputhje me ligjet arsimore të Greqisë; ka ekzistuar, megjithatë, që nga viti 1724, kjo është që nga koha që u ngrit kisha katedrale dhe Korça filloi të merrte pamjen e një qyteti. Ky Institucion zbulon diçka shumë interesante me të vërtetë. Ata që donin të trazonin ujërat në Vjenë dhe të prezantonin në të njejtën kohë dhe Korçën si qytetin ku përqendrohet e ashtuquajtura jeta intelektuale e shqiptarëve, gjithmonë nxjerrin pëpara Efthim Mitkon si udhëheqës të letërsisë shqipe. Ai, me të vërtetë, mblodhi dhe redaktoi disa histori dhe disa këngë shqipe, duke përdorur alfabetin grek sepse nuk ka ekzistuar kurrë asnjë alfabet shqiptar. Por ai e bëri këtë, me qëllim që më vulgarët ndër shqiptarët, të cilët nuk e dinin greqishten, mund të lexonin këto produkte të letërsisë popullore shqiptare. Megjithatë, ai kurrë nuk besoi se një shqiptar mund të merrte ndonjë arsim tjetër përveç atij grek. Ai kishte marrë një arsim grek për veten e tij dhe veten e konsideronte grek, "Mitkoja kompozoi poezi greke, të cilat edhe pse u mungon vlera letrare dhe frymëzimi, ato dëshmojnë, megjithatë, ndjenjat greke të këtij burri. Në krahun e majtë të Gjimnazit Grek, ka në murr një epigram në vargje shumë karakteristik për këtë poet që përgënjeshtron ata që flasin paturpësisht për letërsinë shqipe, dhe mban firmën e Mitkos. Aty lexohet kështu: “Vërtet një numër i madh studentësh kanë dalë nga kjo shkollë, të cilët i janë përkushtuar shkencave apo arteve praktike dhe që reflektojnë nder ndaj inteligjencës dhe zellit grek”. Në të djathtë të gjimnazit grek ngrihet një ndërtesë tjetër, Shkolla Mësimore e Alilodidaktike, e krijuar nga bamirësit e qytetit, Dhimitri dhe Anastas Lakçe. 'E destinuar për një shkollë me Mësimdhënie Alilodidaktike kur ajo metodë ishte në modë, ajo veproi si i tillë deri në vitin 1887. Që atëherë, si pjesa tjetër e shkollave ndoqi sistemin arsimor të shtetit grek. Kjo shkollë funksionoi që nga viti 1867 me 440 nxënës. Për shkak të faktit se ajo nuk mund të përballonte numërin vazhdimisht në rritje të nxënësve, u ngrit një shkollë tjetër komunale në vitin 1888 me 220 nxënës. Gjashtëdhjetë e pesë vjet më parë, u krijua edhe në Korçë shkolla e parë greke për vajza. Kjo ndërtesë u dogj në vitin 1822, por në të njëjtin vit u rindërtua edhe më e bukur me shpenzimet e një bamirësi tjetër të qytetit, Gjergj Dokos. Ky institucion arsimor i shkëlqyer ofron arsimim të plotë për vajzat e Korçës. Pikërisht në këtë shkollë zonjushat elegante të Korçës rriten me finesën dhe kulturën greke. Pikërisht nga ky institucion ato marrin ndjenjat e tyre greke, të cilat janë aq të vërteta dhe të thella sa kur u vendos që Korça të përfshihej në atë shtet të pajetë të Princit Wied, ato ishin të parët që ngritën flamurin e revoltës gjatë së cilës përrenjëte me gjak rrodhën, në rrugët e Korçës për rifitimin e pavarësisë së saj. Por përveç shkollës për vajza ka dhe dy Kopshtet greke. Një prej tyre është ndërtuar nga Shoqata e Korçës, tjetra nga një bamirës i qytetit, Vasilios Tiatsis (Taçi), në 1873. Të dyja këto po ofrojnë arsim për më shumë se 450 vajza. Të gjitha këto institucione arsimore mirëmbahen nga të ardhurat e fondeve të Llasos. Ky fond i përbashkët arsimor u krijua në vitin 1850 ndërsa Neofitos ishte kryepeshkop i Korçës. Të gjitha qytetarët kontribuan në këtë fond por më së shumti kontribuan tregtarët dhe biznesmenët korçarë në Egjipt, dhe më vonë Jovan Banga, i cili, ndërsa' ende ishte në jetë, pasurinë e tij të madhe e fali për qëllime filantropike. Ky fond depozitohet në mënyrë të sigurt në "Bankën Kombëtare të Greqisë. Ekzistojnë gjithashtu dy ndërtesa të mëdha të Jovan Bangas në Sheshin Omonia të Athinës, të ardhurat e të cilave përdoren për të njëjtat qëllime arsimore për të cilat përdoret dhe fondi i Llasos. Dy mijë e treqind studentë nga të dyja gjinitë shkojnë në ato gjashtë shkolla greke të qytetit; Për mirëmbajtjen e këtyre shkollave shpenzohen çdo vit 76.000 franga, të cilat erdhën siç thashë, nga trashëgimitë e korçarëve të pasur, të cilët, duke shkuar në qendrat e mëdha tregtare të botës dhe duke fituar pasuri, nuk e harrojnë kurrë atdheun e tyre të largët, por gjithmonë gjatë jetës e tyre ose me vdekjen e tyre, e vendosin 'pasurinë e tyre në dispozicion të qytetit ku panë për herë të parë dritën e diellit, për arsimimin e djemve të saj. Këto shkolla dhe shkollat e fshatrave rreth Korçës u shfaqen qysh në shekullin e XVII, siç raportohet në kodet e depozituara pranë kryepeshkopatës së shenjtë. Dy shekuj para krijimit të shtetit grek, kultura greke dhe qytetërimi modern grek po lulëzonin atje. Nëse kishat, institucionet arsimore e filantropike, zhvillimi i tregtisë dhe i arteve të bukura karakterizojnë përparimin dhe qytetërimin kombëtar të një vendi, kjo tokë ka dëshmuar, sa pak të tjerë kanë mundur, madje edhe gjatë viteve të skllavërisë si dhe sot, ndërgjegjjien e saj greke dhe ato virtyte që janë karakteristike për racën greke. Në qytetet përreth Korçës, si Mbroja dhe Moskopoli e cili u shkatërrua tërësisht vitin e kaluar nga bandat grabitëse të turko-shqiptarëve të Sali Butkës, ka kisha të ndërtuara qysh në shekullin e dymbëdhjetë, vetëm në Moskopoli ekzistonin deri në vitin 1916 njëzet e katër kisha, të gjitha greke; stili i tyre arkitektonik dhe pasuria tregonin begatinë dhe madhështinë e atij qyteti historik që u shkatërrua aq brutalisht nën sytë e gjermanëve. Vithkuqi, një qytet jo më shumë se njëzet kilometra nga Korça, është zbukuruar nga katërmbëdhjetë kisha, vepra të shekullit të shtatëmbëdhjetë. Në afërsi të Korçës atje kanë qenë në funksion gjatë sundimit turk dhe janë në funksion deri tani njëqind e njëzet shkolla të të dy gjinive me dymbëdhjetë mijë nxënës.
Përgatiti, Përktheu: ©Pelasgos Koritsas
*Nuk lejohet ripublikmi pa referim të burimit. |
Ταξιδιωτικές Σημειώσεις σχετικά με την Κορυτσά Θ. Βελλιανίτης Δοκιμιογράφος, Ιστορικός, και Βουλευτής της Βουλής των Ελλήνων Μεταφράστηκε από NICHOLAS CULOLIAS, LL.B1 Έκδοση της Πανηπειρωτικής Ένωση της Αμερικής 7 Water St., Βοστώνη, Mass. Τυπώθηκε από το ΠΟΥΡΙΤΑΝΙΚΟΣ ΛΙΝΟΤΥΠΟΣ Cambridge, Mass. 1919
IV. Στην Κορυτσά υπάρχει ένα μεγάλο συγκρότημα που ονομάζεται "Σχολικό Συγκρότημα" Αυτή είναι η λατινική γειτονιά της πόλης. Σε εκείνη τη γειτονιά είναι τα Ελληνικά Εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα. Στο κέντρο του συγκροτήματος είναι το Γυμνάσιο που διατηρείται από το 1840. Διαθέτει α βιβλιοθήκη 200 τόμων και μερικές μικρές συλλογές εντόμων, ορυκτών και ιθαγενών πετρωμάτων. Διαθέτει, επίσης, φυσικό εργαστήριο και λειτουργούσε πάντα σύμφωνα με τα προγράμματα σπουδών του Λύκεια του ελληνικού κράτους. Όμως αυτό δεν είναι το πρώτο Γυμνάσιο που ανεγέρθηκε στην Κορυτσά. Μετατράπηκε σε γυμνάσιο από τα μέσα του περασμένου αιώνα σύμφωνα με τους εκπαιδευτικούς νόμους της Ελλάδας. Υπήρχε όμως από το 1724, δηλαδή από τότε ανεγέρθηκε ο καθεδρικός, μητροπολιτικός ναός και η Κορυτσά άρχισε να παίρνει την όψη μίας πόλης. Αυτό το ίδρυμα αποκαλύπτει κάτι πολύ ενδιαφέρον πράγματι. Όσοι ήθελαν να ταράξουν τα νερά στην Βιέννη και την ίδια στιγμή να παρουσιάσουν την Κορυτσά ως πόλη όπου συγκεντρωνόταν η λεγόμενη πνευματική ζωή των Αλβανών, παρουσίαζαν πάντα τον Ευθύμιο Μήτκο ως ηγέτης της αλβανικής λογοτεχνίας. Πράγματι, συγκέντρωσε και επεξεργάστηκε μερικές ιστορίες και μερικά αλβανικά τραγούδια, χρησιμοποιώντας το ελληνικό αλφάβητο γιατί δεν υπήρξε ποτέ Αλβανός. Αλλά το έκανε αυτό, ώστε οι πιο αμόρφωτοι Αλβανοί που αγνοούσαν τα ελληνικά, να μπορέσουν να διαβάσουν αυτούς τους πνευματικούς καρπούς της λαϊκής αλβανικής λογοτεχνίας. Ποτέ δεν πίστεψε, ωστόσο, ότι ένας Αλβανός θα μπορούσε να λάβει οποιαδήποτε άλλη εκπαίδευση πέρα από την Ελληνική. Είχε λάβει ελληνική μόρφωση για τον εαυτό του και θεωρούσε τον εαυτό του Έλληνα, «ο Μήτκος συνέθεσε ελληνικά ποιήματα, τα οποία αν και στερούνται λογοτεχνικής αξίας και έμπνευσης, αποδεικνύουν, ωστόσο, τα ελληνικά συναισθήματα του άντρα. Στην αριστερή πτέρυγα του Ελληνικού Γυμνασίου, υπάρχει στον τοίχο ένα επίγραμμα σε στίχο πολύ χαρακτηριστικό αυτού του ποιητή που διαψεύδει όσους μιλούν με αυθάδεια για την αλβανική λογοτεχνία, και φέρει την υπογραφή του Μήτκου. Γράφονται τα εξής: «Πραγματικά έχει βγει ένας μεγάλος αριθμός μαθητών από αυτό το σχολείο, οι οποίοι έχουν αφοσιωθεί στις επιστήμες ή τις πρακτικές τέχνες και που αποδίδουν τιμή στην ελληνική ευφυΐα και εργατικότητα». Δεξιά του Ελληνικού Γυμνασίου υψώνεται ένα άλλο κτίριο, το Αλληλοδιδακτικό Σχολείο, που ιδρύθηκε από τους ευεργέτες της πόλης, Δημήτριο και Αναστάσιο Λιάτσκε. «Προορίζόταν για την αλληλοδιδακτική διδασκαλία στο σχολείο όταν αυτή η μέθοδος ήταν στη μόδα, λειτούργησε ως τέτοια μέχρι το 1887. Έκτοτε, όπως και τα υπόλοιπα σχολεία, ακολούθησε το εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα του ελληνικού κράτους. Το σχολείο αυτό λειτουργεί από το 1867 με 440 μαθητές. Εξαιτίας του γεγονότος, ωστόσο, ότι δεν μπορούσε να καλύψει το συνεχώς αυξανόμενο αριθμό των μαθητών, υπήρχε ένα άλλο δημοτικό σχολείο που ανεγέρθηκε το 1888 με 220 μαθητές. Πριν από εξήντα πέντε χρόνια, ιδρύθηκε επίσης στην Κορυτσά το πρώτο ελληνικό σχολείο θηλέων. Αυτό το κτίριο κάηκε το 1822, αλλά την ίδια χρονιά ξαναχτίστηκε ακόμα πιο όμορφο με έξοδα ενός άλλου ευεργέτη της πόλης, του Γιώργου Ντόκου. Αυτό το λαμπρό εκπαιδευτικό ίδρυμα παρέχει πλήρη εκπαίδευση στα κορίτσια της Κορυτσάς. Σε αυτό το σχολείο ανατρέφονται οι κομψές δεσποινίδες της Κορυτσάς στην ελληνική φινέτσα και κουλτούρα. Από αυτό το ίδρυμα λαμβάνουν τα ελληνικά συναισθήματά τους που είναι τόσο αληθινά και βαθιά που όταν αποφασίστηκε να συμπεριληφθεί η Κορυτσά σε εκείνη την άψυχη πολιτεία του πρίγκιπα Wied, ήταν οι πρώτες που σήκωσαν το πανό της εξέγερσης κατά την οποία το αίμα έρεε ποτάμι, στους δρόμους της Κορυτσάς για την ανάκτηση της ανεξαρτησία της. Αλλά εκτός από το σχολείο θηλέων υπάρχουν δύο ελληνικά νηπιαγωγεία. Ένα από αυτά χτίστηκε από τον Σύλλογο της Κορυτσάς (Λάσο), το άλλο από έναν ευεργέτη της πόλης, τον Βασίλειο Τιατσή, το 1873. Και οι δύο παρέχουν εκπαίδευση σε περισσότερα από 450 κορίτσια. Όλα αυτά τα εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα διατηρούνται από τα έσοδα των ταμείων του Λάσου. Αυτό το κοινό εκπαιδευτικό ταμείο ιδρύθηκε το 1850 ενώ ο Νεόφυτος ήταν επίσκοπος Κορυτσάς. Όλοι οι πολίτες συνεισέφεραν σε αυτό το ταμείο αλλά κυρίως, οι Κορυτσάιοι έμποροι και επιχειρηματίες από την Αίγυπτο, και αργότερα ο Ιωάννης Μπάγκας, ο οποίος, ενώ ακόμα ήταν εν ζωή, αφιέρωσε τον μεγάλο πλούτο του σε φιλανθρωπικούς σκοπούς. Αυτό το κεφάλαιο κατατίθεται με ασφάλεια στην "Εθνική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος. Υπάρχουν επίσης δύο μεγάλα κτίρια του Ιωάννη Μπάγκα Πλατεία Ομονοίας της Αθήνας των οποίων τα έσοδα χρησιμοποιούνται για τους ίδιους εκπαιδευτικούς σκοπούς για τους οποίους χρησιμοποιείται το ταμείο Λάσο. Δυο χιλιάδες τριακόσιοι μαθητές και των δύο φύλων πηγαίνουν σε αυτά τα έξι ελληνικά σχολεία της πόλης. Ξοδεύονται ετησίως 76.000 φράγκα για τη συντήρηση αυτών των σχολείων, που προέρχονται όπως είπα, από κληροδοτήματα πλούσιων κορυτσαίων, που πηγαίνοντας στα μεγάλα εμπορικά κέντρα του κόσμου και εκεί αποκτώντας πλούτη, δεν ξεχνούν ποτέ τη μακρινή πατρίδα τους, αλλά πάντα κατά τη διάρκεια τη ζωή τους ή μετά τον θάνατό τους, θέτουν τον «πλούτο» τους, στη διάθεση της πόλης όπου πρωτοείδαν το φως του ηλίου, για τη μόρφωση των παιδιών της. Αυτά τα σχολεία και αυτά που βρίσκονται στα γύρω χωριά εμφανίστηκαν ήδη από τον δέκατο έβδομο αιώνα και αναφέρονται στους κώδικες που κατατέθηκαν στην ιερά επισκοπή. Δύο αιώνες πριν την ίδρυση του ελληνικού κράτους, ο ελληνικός πολιτισμός και ο νεοελληνικός πολιτισμός ευδοκιμούσε εκεί. Αν οι εκκλησίες, τα εκπαιδευτικά και φιλανθρωπικά ιδρύματα, η ανάπτυξη του εμπορίου και των καλών τεχνών χαρακτηρίζουν την πρόοδο και τον εθνικό πολιτισμό ενός τόπου, αυτή η γη έχει δείξει όσο λίγες, ακόμη και κατά τη διάρκεια των χρόνων της σκλαβιάς, όπως και σήμερα, την ελληνική της συνείδηση και εκείνες τις αρετές που είναι χαρακτηριστικές της ελληνικής φυλής. Στις πόλεις γύρω από την Κορυτσά, όπως η Εμπορία, και η Μοσχόπολη που καταστράφηκε ολοσχερώς πέρυσι από τις ληστρικές ομάδες των Τουρκοαλβανών του Σαλί Μπούτκα, υπάρχουν εκκλησίες που χτίστηκαν ήδη από τον 12ο αιώνα, μόνο στη Μοσχόπολη, υπήρχαν μέχρι το 1916 είκοσι τέσσερις εκκλησίες, όλες ελληνικές. Το αρχιτεκτονικό ύφος και ο πλούτος τους έδειχναν την ευημερία και το μεγαλείο αυτής της ιστορικής πόλης που καταστράφηκε τόσο βάναυσα κάτω από τα ίδια τα μάτια των Γερμανών. Το Βυθοκούκιον, κωμόπολη όχι περισσότερα από είκοσι χιλιόμετρα από την Κορυτσά, στολίζεται από δεκατέσσερις εκκλησίες, έργα του δέκατου έβδομου αιώνα. Στην περιοχή της Κορυτσάς εκεί λειτουργούσαν επί Τουρκοκρατίας και βρίσκονται σε λειτουργία τώρα εκατόν είκοσι σχολεία και των δύο φύλων με δώδεκα χιλιάδες μαθητές.
Μετάφραση, Επιμέλεια: ©Pelasgos Koritsas
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